In what scenario can D enforce costs without court permission?

• A. The claim has been struck out on grounds that the claimant disclosed no reasonable grounds for bringing the proceedings.
• B. The claim proceeds to trial and is decided in the claimant's favor.
• C. The claimant withdraws the claim before any hearing.
• D. The court dismisses the case for lack of jurisdiction.

Answer: (A)

When a claim is struck out because the claimant disclosed no reasonable grounds, the court typically awards costs in favour of the defendant as part of that order. The key idea is that the strike-out itself is a strong sanction against the claimant, and it usually includes a costs order as to payment of the defendant’s costs. Because the court has already decided the issue and fixed the costs, the defendant can enforce that amount as a simple debt without needing a separate court permission or further order. You simply pursue payment or enforcement of the costs award using ordinary debt-enforcement steps.

In other scenarios, such as where the claim proceeds to trial and fails, where the claimant withdraws, or where the case is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, you generally would not have an automatic, immediately enforceable costs debt in the same way, or you would still need to obtain the appropriate costs order or permission through the court before enforcement.