Under Part 45, fixed costs in interim applications apply in which situation?

• A. It applies to all interim applications automatically.
• B. It applies to none of the interim applications.
• C. It occurs in summary judgments where the claim is for a specified sum (a debt).
• D. It only applies when the parties agree in writing.

Answer: (C)

Fixed costs under Part 45 are designed for straightforward interim applications to simplify costs. They apply in the situation where the interim step is a summary judgment and the claim is for a specified sum, such as a debt. In that context, the costs of the interim application are fixed, rather than open to detailed assessment, which streamlines the process and reduces disputes over costs. This regime isn’t automatic for every interim application, isn’t dependent on a written agreement between the parties, and doesn’t apply to claims that aren’t fixed-sum debts.