Which item is an example of a procedural defence?

• A. Procedural in relation to jurisdiction or limitation
• B. The breach caused the loss
• C. The defendant denies liability
• D. The claim is time-barred by statute

Answer: (A)

Procedural defences target how the claim is brought and heard, not the facts of what happened. They focus on issues like whether the court has jurisdiction to hear the case or whether the claim is barred by time. The item that explicitly describes a procedural issue in relation to jurisdiction or limitation fits this idea perfectly, because it raises a hurdle based on the process or timing rather than on the merits of the claim.

The other options deal with the substance of liability or causation (defending what happened) or describe a time limit in a way that relates to the merits rather than a procedural challenge. So the best example of a procedural defence is the one referring to procedural aspects tied to jurisdiction or limitation.