Which term describes a party's assertion that a document exists or has existed?

• A. Listing
• B. Inspection
• C. Disclosure
• D. Production

Answer: (C)

Disclosures of documents in civil litigation involve confirming that a document exists or existed and identifying it for the other party. This is the step where a party asserts the existence of documents and provides details such as date, author, subject, and where they can be found, sometimes supplying copies or making them available for inspection. This is distinct from production, which is the actual handing over of documents; inspection, which is the right to view disclosed documents; and listing, which isn’t the formal term for the assertion of existence. So the term that fits the description is disclosure.